ABSTRACT
The wireless data business is expected in the region of 100-200% per year and the mobile communications industry agrees that wireless data services will grow to provide a baseline for future business. The enormous success of short messaging in many countries shows that people accept the benefits of non-voice services.
Wireless Internet Booster Antenna
Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution (EDGE) is a technology that provides Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)Services capacity to treat third-generation mobile. It provides three times the storage capacity of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). With EDGE, operators can handle three times more subscribers with GPRS, triple their data rate per subscriber or add extra capacity for voice communications.
This article provides an overview of the EDGE technology. Especially after the introduction of 2.5G technology I describe the basic technical aspects anddifferent functions. I will make a comparison with GPRS for data services and then an overview of the current state of this technology in Pakistan. I also covered some of the benefits for operators and customers.
1 Introduction
The importance of wireless data and multimedia services for both business customers and an unprecedented increase. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is a new radio interface solution is based on a best modulation is based.EDGE GSM network operators to provide a path of development in mobile data and multimedia services with a threefold increase in data throughput in the existing GSM spectrum. BOARD therefore offers an alternative for users who do not have a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) license. In addition, a complement to UMTS for the plan, the first introduction of UMTS in densely populated areas, but may also offer EDGE for wide coverage of future-oriented3G services. In the United States market operators have decided to EDGE when 3G solutions. [8].
We are currently experimenting with the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the transmission rate greater than the High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), from the convenience of "always online" connected to the Internet with direct links GPRS. [1]
EDGE, a new radio interface technology with a higher modulation, increases the speed of data transfer HSCSD and GPRS up to three times. EDGE Modulationfurther increase the throughput of data provided by packet-switched service well over 400 kbps per carrier. Similarly, the speed circuit switched data transmission can be increased from existing data or data transmission rate obtained with smaller time intervals are the ability to save. Consequently, a higher speed data services such as EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) and ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data) are known.
EDGE is a significant improvement of the GSM Phase 2 +. As a modification of the existing GSM networks, EDGEno new network elements. [1]
In the United States, for example, is part of the SI-136 Edge high-speed concept, which is a third generation radio transmission technology (RTT) is TR.45 suggestions. EDGE will eventually be standardized, a feature that allows you to reach a global mobile system of many services for third generation systems.
2 Overview
The increased bit rates of EDGE put requirements on the GSM / GPRS network architecture. Fig. 1shows the GSM / GPRS network architecture, the shaded parts of which are discussed in this section. Other nodes and interfaces are generally not affected by the introduction of EDGE. An apparent bottleneck is the A-bis interface, which now supports up to 16 kb / s per channel traffic. With EDGE, the bit rate to approach the traffic channel 64 kb / s, assigning multiple slots Aa-a channel traffic makes it necessary. Asynchronous transfer mode option (ATM) or IP-based solutions to thisProblem can be discussed.
An important fact is that the limit to 16 kb / s already through the introduction of two coding (CS3 and CS4) in GPRS, which can have a maximum bit rate per traffic channel of 22.8 kbit / s. Therefore the restriction of A is passed to solve a problem outside of standardization EDGE, GPRS and therefore is a related, not EDGE-related changes. For GPRS-based packet data services to other nodes and interfaces are already capable ofDealing with higher bit rate, and therefore are not affected. For circuit switched services, the A-interface to manage 64 kb / s per user, which is not circuit-switched carriers Edge exceeded. [9]
2.1. Planning implications of the GSM network
An important condition that will largely determine the success of EDGE in GSM, is one of a network operator is able to gradually EDGE. For the initial implementation will be EDGE capable transceiver standard GSM / GPRS transceiver in a supplementSubset of cells, where EDGE coverage is desired. Therefore, an integrated combination of co-existing GSM, GPRS, EDGE, and users in the same frequency band. To minimize time and costs for network operators, mobile network planning (including planning the cells, frequency adjustment of electricity and cell parameters), may not require major changes.
2.1.1. Coverage Planning
A characteristic of non-transparent radio link protocols, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) are, it isand low-quality radio link only to a lower bitrate for the user. It makes so low SIR for a user enters a ball dropped as a result called for speech, but in a temporary decrease in the rate of user bits. Transparent carrier which generally provide a constant bit rate, quality control connection must be expanded to take over the allocation of resources, in the sense that the number of dynamically allocated time window, the bit rate and bit error rate ( BER) are retired. Transparent support is enabledthroughout the GSM mobile phone, but require less time-slot in the center of the cell (where 8-PSK coding schemes can be used).
2.1.2. Frequency Planning
The more mature GSM networks of today have an average frequency reuse factor of about 9 (which means that the available frequency spectrum divided into nine groups). However, there is also a trend toward tighter reuse factors. With the use of frequency hopping, multiple reuse patterns (MRP) and discontinuous transmission (DTX),Reuse factors are as low as possible 3. Edge supports a wide range of models for reuse. In fact, using the link quality control, EDGE can be introduced at any frequency plan, and benefit from high SIR closer to the base stations. EDGE can be introduced into an existing GSM frequency plan, and that she continues to support high-capacity solutions based on a fixed frequency reuse.
2.1.3. Radio Network Planning
An important requirement (and to a large extent, is adetermine the success of Edge) is that network operators should be introduced gradually able to Edge. The initial deployment of EDGE capable GSM transceivers integrate standard transceivers in a subset of cells in which the coverage desired border. A mix of integrated circuit-switched, GPRS and Edge users that coexist in the same frequency band. To minimize operator effort and expense, have Edge-related implementation changes do not require extensive planning of the radio network(Including cell planning, frequency planning, the definition of performance levels and cell parameters).
2.1.4. Channel Management
The limit has been introduced, a cell is typically two types of transceivers are standard GSM transceivers and Edge transceivers. Each physical channel (time slot) in the cell can be seen as one of at least four types of channels:
1 Item GSM and GSM circuit switched data (CSD);
2 GPRS packet data connection;
3 circuit switched data,improved circuits bewitched data (ECSD) and GSM speech;
4 EDGE packet data (GPRS), which allows a combination of GPRS and EGPRS users simultaneously.
While standard GSM transceivers supports only types of channels 1 and 2, transceiver board supports all four types of channels. Physical channels are dynamically defined based on the capabilities of the terminal and the needs of the cell. For example, if several users are active speech, the number of channels of type-1 increased the cost of GPRS and EDGEChannels. Obviously, channel management can be automated to avoid splitting the channels into static groups. Otherwise, trunking efficiency would decrease.
3 Interleaving
The performance of coding systems in higher (EGPRS MCS7 to MCS9) also increase at low C / I, the interleaving process in the standard EGPRS has been changed. If frequency hopping is used, the environment will change for every single radio burst level. Like a radio block interleaved and transmittedover four bursts for GPRS, each burst may experience a different environment interference. [7]
If only one of four explosions is not received correctly, the entire radio block will not be decoded properly and must be retransmitted. In the case of CS4 for GPRS is not the error protection is used. With EGPRS, the standard takes the higher coding scheme differently than GPRS to combat this problem. MCS7 MCS8 MCS9 actually transmitted, and two blocks in the radiofour explosions, and the division occurs in two bursts instead of four. This reduces the number of shots that should be disseminated to cause errors. The probability of receiving two consecutive error-free burst is higher than that received four consecutive error-free bursts. This means that the higher coding schemes
for EDGE have a strength greater than frequency hopping.
4 EDGE and GPRS
EDGE, or Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution, is the new mantraGlobal Internet Connectivity scene. EDGE is the new name for the GSM 384 GSM 384 technology is due to the fact that the name of a data transmission speed of 384 kbps. This is the time window model 8 and the speed could be achieved if all eight time slots were used. The idea behind the Edge is a data transmission rate even higher current 200 KHz GSM carrier to receive, the type of modulation used.
Well, this is the most prominent feature. EDGE, asonce in GSM technology works on existing GSM and TDMA carriers and allows them to many of 3G services. Although EDGE is a little technical impact, since it was completely based on GSM or TDMA carriers, but could only get an advantage over technologies coming up and of course the GPRS. With EDGE, operators and service providers can offer more wireless data applications, including multimedia, wireless, e-mail (Web Based), Web and infotainment agoAll the technology of videoconferencing.
Now, all these technologies, which have been mentioned above, the provisions of the 3G IMT-UMTS packet were. But with EDGE, we can all these GSM phones to existing 3G services, which could only be an advantage for users.
The current scenario clearly states that EDGE is a GPRS score much higher. The first allows users to quickly and data throughput to increase by about 3-4 times faster than GPRS.
Secondly,allows the existing GSM or TDMA carriers to provide 3G services requirements. And with 1.6 billion GSM subscribers in over 170 countries provide full global roaming everywhere from India to Japan and San Francisco. Based on an 8-PSK modulation enables higher bit rate via the air interface. It 'a symbol for every 3 bits. Thus, EDGE, GPRS rate rate of 3x.
5 The future direction of development in WCDMA
The next evolutionary step for GSM / EDGE phoneSystem includes improvements in the provision of services for packet switched domain to the provision of UMTS / UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). GERAN is defined as enhanced support for all Quality of Service (QoS) classes for UMTS: interactive, background, streaming and conversational. At the end of a new range of applications, including IP multimedia applications, will be adequately supported. This part of the GSM / EDGE evolution will favor theSpeaking and streaming service classes, as adequate support and basic interactive services already exists. In addition, the simultaneous support of multimedia applications in parallel with different QoS properties compared to the same Member State is to support multiple media streams of the IMS domain. A driver for this development on the side of the packet switching paradigm shift in the telecommunications world from circuit to packet switched communications.
Both theGPRS core network and the current GSM / EDGE Radio Access Network sets to be modified to support services to better package. GPRS / EGPRS networks can be developed quickly and cheaply market needs and align with the WCDMA network services are available. The current evolution of GSM / EDGE, which covers all aspects mentioned above, 3GPP TSG GERAN is currently. [4]
6 in Pakistan EDGE
Pakistan is the sixth largest country in the world - about 150Million €. There are currently four mobile operators in the country. Penetration of mobile services in late 2003 was only 2.3% with a customer base of 3.4 million, while fixed lines was approximately 2.4%. Many parts of Pakistan are without telephone coverage. For the recent positive economic developments in Pakistan and the high level of naturally low penetration rates, growth of the mobile segment is expected to accompany. When people in Pakistan are more interested inText-enabled system such as SMS. Although the introduction of GPRS is a new concept and new ideas in mobile networks, but still people do not worry so much about the Internet through their terminals. Few people are even more expensive, and few believe that GPRS does not develop an interest in the use of the Internet, when we compared it with the computer.
In April 2004, the Norwegian mobile operator Telenor to bid and eventually won a license for a mobile network in operationPakistan. The license covers the operation of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) technology for the network. [14]
Telenor Pakistan has signed two agreements with providers of mobile infrastructure for different areas of the network:
Nokia have signed a contract covering the three years to build and operate a GSM / GPRS / EDGE network in central and northern Punjab region (phase one), centerednear Lahore.
Siemens has signed a contract with a GSM / GPRS / EDGE network in southern areas of Pakistan, Islamabad coverage centered around building signs.
Further improvements in data transmission via GPRS core / GSM networks will be provided in both the installation of Enhanced Data for Global (GSM) technology Evolution. This component of the two systems will be after the first roll-out installed and allows subscribers to use advanced mobile servicessuch as downloading video and music clips, full multimedia messaging, high-speed color Internet access and email on the move.
Nortel Networks will upgrade Ufone existing wireless systems and supply new GSM / GPRS network and access to radio equipment, including Mobile Switching Center, Home Location Register (HLR) and advanced Base Transceiver Stations (BTS).
An important component of the Ufone expansion will be designed Nortel Networks BTS 12000, which provide additionalCapacity within a GSM / GPRS network while positioning operators to offer lower costs and manage advanced wireless services, third-generation (3G), EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Evolution) technology. The expansion will be Nortel Networks Passport Packet Voice Gateway (PVG) for migration of TDM voice trunking to a packet-based infrastructure.
7 Benefits
As already highlighted the need to reduce business risk and better use of available resourcesof primary importance in the business world today.
7.1. Financial
GSM-based networks have become the standard in the cell. As EDGE is a GSM technology, which offers an enhancement to GPRS to a small charge is the best way to use the resources available out there. [1]
7.1.1. Radio Access Network
In most cases, GPRS-enabled base stations and BSC can be easily upgraded to EDGE by relatively inexpensiveSoftware and hardware upgrades, which pro-long life cycle of the elements distributed RAN.
7.1.2. Core Network
GPRS for improvement, there is very little change to the GPRS core activities, and led the investments sunk core network.
7.1.3. Antenna Sites
There is no need for additional antenna sites to provide EDGE. Assuming high quality linear amplifiers with high RF output power used inBTS is the same as the current use of GPRS coverage, protecting the investment of the existing site.
7.1.4. Spectrum
EDGE triples the data capacity of GPRS while using the existing GSM spectrum and offers up to three times the rate of GPRS data for the end user. EDGE is spectrally more efficient technology for wireless data applications, a throughput of up to 100Kb / s (compared to CDMA and WCDMA) and WCDMA is spectrally more only for higherThroughput.
7.1.5. Applications
GPRS-enabled applications and services are generally no additional investment in EDGE compatible. This is also known for WCDMA applications.
Although the financial benefits of EDGE can be broken down into individual network elements, as described above, is one of the main business drivers, EDGE is an essential component of the overall evolution of GSM towards a single multi-radio GSM / GPRS / EDGE / WCDMA network. As already mentionedpreviously GSM is the most important worldwide standards for mobile communications and the benefits of using a standard technology can be used in almost every aspect of the distribution network devices, applications and hardware to view it.
7.2. For operators
Operators can also experience the benefits of EDGE as follows.
7.2.1. The migration to wireless multimedia services
The operator can increase data revenue by offering attractive newTypes of applications to end users.
7.2.2. Increased customer satisfaction
Greater storage capacity and data rate decreases the response time for all data services, thus keeping end users satisfied and connected.
7.2.3. Timely introduction of 3G-type applications
EDGE will occur in 2001, when the mature markets is likely to start demanding multimedia applications.
7.2.4. Realization of fast network
EDGE will not require newNetwork elements can be introduced gradually and EDGE network.
7.3. For users
7.3.1. Better service quality
Greater storage capacity and speed of data transmission to meet the customer QoS.
7.3.2. Personal multimedia services
Attractive new types of applications and devices will be available.
7.3.3. Potentially lower cost per bit
The lower data capacity for high-speed data areOperators the flexibility of prices.
8 Completion
While the tug of war between access technologies - CDMA vs. GSM vs. UMTS - continue to be discussed at the global level, EDGE offers the ideal solution for GSM carriers to add capacity data, using the limited spectrum. Bearing in mind the fact that GSM supports more users today than any other access technology (about 65 to 70% of participants in the global market), and crawling GSM / GPRS operators to add capacity to support user growthand market introduction of next-generation data services, increased capacity and throughput offered by EDGE very persuasive. And in a market where mobile operators the best of the investment costs are squeezing - past and future, there is no real surprise that we're going to see a new wave of interest in the GSM EDGE our customers.
Today is the position of EDGE as an evolution of GSM technology is clear. It was originally promoted as an alternative to WCDMA, and usually a niche technologyEDGE is now regarded as an important prerequisite for GSM / EDGE and WCDMA operators in the same way. The ability to generate business value from existing infrastructure and spectrum GSM-drive is a major advantage, and reduced capacity of EDGE on CAPEX, time-to-market and time to revenue, as regards the delivery of global high-speed data service, EDGE technology is a must.
The cellular companies in Pakistan is not a license for the EDGE. Now that the introduction of newCompanies such as Telenor and Warid, you will also be able to use this tool in the near future of Pakistan. GPRS can then become an important factor for real-time, as people of Pakistan will use the Internet not only for downloading ringtones, but can also enjoy streaming videos from their mobile phones and many other institutions.
EDGE: A springboard 3G stone counter in Pakistan
